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With the adjustment of China's epidemic prevention and control guidelines regarding coronavirus disease of 2019(COVID-19), the preoperative evaluation and timing of surgery for patients after COVID-19 infection have become the focus of attention for both healthcare workers and patients. Based on the latest study and related clinical experience, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) has therefore compiled this multidisciplinary, evidence-based recommendation for concise, individualized, and practical preoperative evaluation and timing of surgery for patients after COVID-19 infection. The recommendations emphasize patients' COVID-19 infection history, the severity of symptoms, and medical/physiologic recovery status during preoperative evaluation. The determination of appropriate length of time between recovery from COVID-19 and surgery/procedure should take into account of patients' underlying health conditions, the severity of the COVID-19 infection course, and the types of surgery and anesthesia scheduled, to minimize postoperative complications. The recommendations are intended to aid healthcare workers in evaluating these patients, scheduling them for the optimal timing of surgery, and optimizing perioperative management and postoperative recovery.Copyright © 2023, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All rights reserved.
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Objective To investigate the physical and mental condition and medicine consumption of medical staff of shelter hospitals in Shanghai during the fight against the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A total of 144 frontline medical staff who fighting against the COVID-19 epidemic from a tertiary first-class hospital from Apr. 4 to May 12, 2022 were surveyed by questionnaires online. Their physical condition including body weight change before the medical work and one month later, sleep quality and the medicine consumption during the medical work were collected and analyzed. Results The mean body weight of frontline doctors before the medical work and one month later were (69.80+/-8.35) kg and (68.60+/-7.37) kg, while those of nurses were (55.36+/-8.27) kg and (53.80+/-7.38) kg, both showing a decreasing trend but without significant difference (all P0.05). A total of 63.89% (92/144) frontline medical staff suffered from insomnia, of which 27.08% (39/144) needed drug intervention. The top 5 common diseases among frontline medical staff were sleep disorder (63.89%, 92/144), skin injury (25.69%, 37/144), body pain (23.61%, 34/144), oral ulcer (13.19%, 19/144), and acute upper respiratory tract infection (9.72%, 14/144). A total of 155 medical staff used drugs, and the top 5 common drugs were skin application (16.77%, 26/155), Ganmao'an granule (12.26%, 19/155), zolpidem tartrate tablets (11.61%, 18/155), Kangfuxin liquid (11.61%, 18/155), and celecoxib capsules (8.39%, 13/155). Conclusion Frontline medical staff in shelter hospitals are prone to have body weight change, sleep disorder, skin injury, body pain, oral ulcer, acute upper respiratory tract infection and so on, which suggests that in future similar large-scale medical support, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to the physical condition of frontline medical staff and provide them sufficient medicine.Copyright © 2022, Second Military Medical University Press. All rights reserved.
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Understanding particle settlement in channeled fluids has wide applications, such as fine particulate matter, coronavirus particle transport, and the migration of solid particles in water. Various factors have been investigated but few studies have acknowledged the channel's effect on settlement dynamics. This study developed a coupled interpolated bounce-back lattice Boltzmann-discrete element model and examined how a channel's width affects particle settlement. A factor k denoting the ratio of the channel's width and the particle diameter was defined. The terminal settling velocity for a single particle is inversely proportional to k, and the time that the particle takes to reach the terminal velocity is positively related to k. When k is greater than 15, the channel width's effects are negligible. For dual particles of the same size, the drafting-kissing-tumbling (DKT) process occurs infinitely in a periodic pattern, with the two particles swapping positions and settling around the channel's centerline. The smaller the k, the sooner the DKT process occurs. The particles collide with the channel wall when k <= 10. For dual particles of different sizes, the DKT process occurs once so that the bigger particle leads the settlement. Both particles settle along the channel's centerline in a steady state. The bigger the k, the bigger the difference in their terminal settling velocities until k = 15. The small particle collides with the channel wall if released under the big particle when k = 6. The findings of this study are expected to inform channeling or pipeline design in relevant engineering practices.
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Objective To investigate the physical and mental condition and medicine consumption of medical staff of shelter hospitals in Shanghai during the fight against the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A total of 144 frontline medical staff who fighting against the COVID-19 epidemic from a tertiary first-class hospital from Apr. 4 to May 12, 2022 were surveyed by questionnaires online. Their physical condition including body weight change before the medical work and one month later, sleep quality and the medicine consumption during the medical work were collected and analyzed. Results The mean body weight of frontline doctors before the medical work and one month later were (69.80+/-8.35) kg and (68.60+/-7.37) kg, while those of nurses were (55.36+/-8.27) kg and (53.80+/-7.38) kg, both showing a decreasing trend but without significant difference (all P>0.05). A total of 63.89% (92/144) frontline medical staff suffered from insomnia, of which 27.08% (39/144) needed drug intervention. The top 5 common diseases among frontline medical staff were sleep disorder (63.89%, 92/144), skin injury (25.69%, 37/144), body pain (23.61%, 34/144), oral ulcer (13.19%, 19/144), and acute upper respiratory tract infection (9.72%, 14/144). A total of 155 medical staff used drugs, and the top 5 common drugs were skin application (16.77%, 26/155), Ganmao'an granule (12.26%, 19/155), zolpidem tartrate tablets (11.61%, 18/155), Kangfuxin liquid (11.61%, 18/155), and celecoxib capsules (8.39%, 13/155). Conclusion Frontline medical staff in shelter hospitals are prone to have body weight change, sleep disorder, skin injury, body pain, oral ulcer, acute upper respiratory tract infection and so on, which suggests that in future similar large-scale medical support, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to the physical condition of frontline medical staff and provide them sufficient medicine.Copyright © 2022, Second Military Medical University Press. All rights reserved.
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We live in a world of disruption aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In view of the highly divisive global discourse, we envision a different way of regional and international partnership in social work education and practice through our proactive partnership, to build hope and transformation. Social work educators from the Chinese Mainland, Hong Kong SAR, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Israel, and Vietnam, who have developed partnerships with counterparts in the countries along the New Silk Road, have come together to reflect on their partnership experiences, having developed the "Transformative Cultural Inclusion Model” consisting of four essential pillars: (1) equal partnership, (2) cultural inclusion, (3) capacity-building, and (4) social solidarity. Social work is a catalyst for social change and development, and we hope that the model can provide insights and principles to guide future development of regional and international partnerships. This will, in turn, develop context-specific authentic social work theories and practice by partnering together, engaging in participatory practice research, and making positive changes through education, research, and action with regional, international, and local partners. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in numerous confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. Recent studies have shown that people living with HIV (PLWH) are prone to develop severe illness and poor outcomes if they experience coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially those with uncontrolled viremia and low CD4 T-cell count. Therefore, many countries prioritized PLWH for COVID-19 vaccination. However, lower magnitude or faster waning humoral immune responses elicited by other vaccines have been documented in PLWH, raising concerns regarding the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in these specific populations. Here, we summarize the current progress in the immunogenicity and efficacy of different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in PLWH and highlight several challenges faced by PLWH in the current COVID-19 pandemics. © Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Using tracked changes from a large open-source software platform, this paper studies how working from home affected the output of individuals working in tech. The basis of the natural experiment comes from idiosyncratic and state-imposed workplace closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. I find a negative but almost-negligible change in individual-level output of 0.5 percent (standard error of 0.091 percent). Overall, and based on descriptive analyses of the time-stamped data, tracked changes in software development cadences approximate regular work activity and provide a useful avenue for future studies of work. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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*AIM: To identify the reasons for not improving visual acuity of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and its correlation with optical coherent tomography (OCT) imaging characteristics. They were treated with anti - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) again after an interruption of treatment due to the COVID - 19 pandemic. * METHODS: Retrospective cases study. A total of 31 patients (40 eyes) with DME and treated with anti-VEGF drugs in the Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi' an Jiaotong University between December 2019 and July 2020 were selected. All patients had an treatment history of interruption due to COVID-19. Based on the behavioral standard of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 1mo after re - treatment, they were divided into improved visual acuity group (14 eyes) and non-improved visual acuity group (26 eyes). All patients received comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including BCVA, intraocular pressure, OCT, fundus photography, and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). The central retinal thickness (CRT), hyper - reflective retinal dots (HRD), subretinal fluid (SRF), intraretinal fluid (IRF), disorganization of the inner retinal layers (DRIL) and ellipsoid zone disruption (EZD) were quantified by Image J. The correlation between BCVA and CRT, the number of HRD, the diameter of SRF and IRF, and the height of DRIL and EDZ width at 1mo after treatment were analyzed by Spearman correlation. * RESULTS: The proportion of HRD in OCT was significantly higher in the non - improved visual acuity group than that in the improved visual acuity group (chi2 = 5.43, P = 0.0072);There was a positive correlation between the difference of BCVA (LogMAR) and CRT change in DME patients after treatment (rs = 0.406, P = 0.009);There was a positive correlation between BCVA (LogMAR) and EZD width after treatment (rs = 0.358, P = 0.023). There was no correlation between BCVA (LogMAR) after treatment and the number of CRT (rs = - 0. 086, P = 0. 600) and HRD (rs = - 0. 115, P = 0. 482), the diameter and height of SRF (rs = 0.102, P = 0.530;rs = 0.100,P = 0.538) and IRF (rs = 0.134, P = 0. 410;rs = - 0. 014, P = 0. 932), and the width of DRIL (rs = 0.089, P = 0.587). * CONCLUSION(S): The probability of retinal HRD was significantly higher in patients with no visual improvement than that in patients with visual improvement after the re - treatment with anti - VEGF due to the treatment interruption during COVID- 19. EZD width was also closely correlated to the prognosis of visual acuity. As for these patients, HRD manifestations in OCT should be comprehensively considered, taking intravitreal injection of glucocorticoid as an auxiliary strategy if necessary. Copyright © 2022 International Journal of Ophthalmology (c/o Editorial Office). All rights reserved.
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Urban resilience reflects the ability of cities to resist, absorb, adapt and recover from danger in a timely and efficient manner, which is critical to the normal operations of cities and the daily lives of citizens. An increasing number of cities have included resilience in their city planning. Thus, conducting the resilience evaluation is necessary for urban resilience improvement and enhancement. This paper proposed a MACBETH-based method for urban resilience evaluation, in which a multi-dimensional evaluation system including four dimensions and sixteen criteria is established, and the main procedure was presented to determine the overall and dimensional resilience indices. The proposed method was applied to evaluate Beijing's urban resilience. The results shown that Beijing's resilience improved from 2016 to 2020, despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected healthcare systems around the world. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of cardiologists regarding how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the clinical practice patterns for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Method(s): A multicenter clinician survey was sent to 300 cardiologists working in 22 provinces in China. The survey collected demographic information and inquired about their perceptions of how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected ACS clinical practice patterns. Result(s): The survey was completed by 211 (70.3%) cardiologists, 82.5% of whom were employed in tertiary hospitals, and 52.1% reported more than 10 years of clinical cardiology practice. Most respondents observed a reduction in ACS inpatients and outpatients in their hospitals during the pandemic. Only 29.9% of the respondents had access to a dedicated catheter room for the treatment of COVID-19-positive ACS patients. Most respondents stated that the COVID-19 pandemic had varying degrees of effect on the treatment of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina. Compared with the assumed non-pandemic period, in the designed clinical questions, the selection of coronary interventional therapy for STEMI, NSTEMI, and unstable angina during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly decreased (all p < 0.05), and the selection of pharmacotherapy was increased (all p < 0.05). The selection of fibrinolytic therapy for STEMI during the pandemic was higher than in the assumed non-pandemic period (p < 0.05). Conclusion(s): The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected ACS clinical practice patterns. The use of invasive therapies significantly decreased during the pandemic period, whereas pharmacotherapy was more often prescribed by the cardiologists. Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s).
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Objective - To assess students' perception, use, and format preferences of library resources. Design - Online survey questionnaire. Setting - A public university in Spain. Subjects - 134 second-year, third-year, and fourth-year undergraduate English language and literature students. Methods - An anonymous survey was built using Google Forms and shared with eligible participants during March and April 2021. Survey participation was voluntary, although students were encouraged to respond and were provided with class time to do so. Nonetheless, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic at the time of this study, courses were taught in a hybrid (both in-person and online) formatand class attendance was not mandatory. The survey consisted of six multiple choice and four open-ended questions, and answers were required for all 10 questions. Main Results - Respondents were mostly satisfied with the available resources in supporting their studies in English literature and culture, with the majority preferring to access resources online (51%) or through both online and print formats (14%). Convenience was the most commonly cited reason for favoring online access, while improved processing and learning were mentioned by those preferring print. A majority of respondents also indicated they have used online resources from either their home university library (72%) or other libraries (55%). Conversely, 29% of the respondents were unable to identify any specific electronic resources. Conclusion - Study results indicate that Spanish undergraduate students majoring in English literature generally have a positive perception of library resources in supporting their studies and prefer online access over print. However, many of these students may also have an incorrect or limited understanding of how to differentiate between library resources, general websites, web search engines, or computer programs.
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Background: Mortality for patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for COVID-19 has increased over time. We investigated the association between immunomodulators and mortality for patients receiving ECMO for COVID-19. Method(s): We analysed the Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation Registry from Jan 1, 2020 through Dec 31, 2021, comparing in-hospital mortality and the overall survival since ECMO initiation of patients who did and did not receive immunomodulators (selective interleukin blockers, corticosteroids, janus-kinase inhibitors, convalescent plasma, and intravenous immunoglobulins) before or during ECMO, by using logistic regression and Cox regression. We calculated the propensity scores, and applied the overlap-weightage method to account for confounding factors. We conducted sensitivity analyses including regression models using inverse propensity score weightage method, models adjusted by propensity score, and unadjusted models to ensure robustness of results. A subgroup analysis on patients receiving corticosteroids was conducted. Result(s): 7180 patients were included in the final analysis. Immunomodulators were associated with increased mortality (OR: 1.168, 95%CI: 1.059-1.289, p=0.0020) and shorter survival since ECMO (HR: 1.05, 95%- CI: 1.078, 95%CI: 1.007-1.154, p=0.031). Similarly, corticosteroids were associated with a significant increase in mortality (OR: 1.302, 95%-CI: 1.180-1.437, p<0.0001) and shorter survival (HR: 1.221, 95%-CI: 1.139- 1.308, p<0.0001). Sensitivity analyses did not significantly change the overall results. Conclusion(s): Immunomodulators and corticosteroids, in particular, were associated with a significant increase in mortality amongst patients receiving ECMO for COVID-19, even after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Further studies are required to evaluate the timing of immunomodulators and understand the possible mechanisms behind this association.
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Objective – To assess students’ perception, use, and format preferences of library resources. Design – Online survey questionnaire. Setting – A public university in Spain. Subjects – 134 second-year, third-year, and fourth-year undergraduate English language and literature students. Methods – An anonymous survey was built using Google Forms and shared with eligible participants during March and April 2021. Survey participation was voluntary, although students were encouraged to respond and were provided with class time to do so. Nonetheless, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic at the time of this study, courses were taught in a hybrid (both in-person and online) format and class attendance was not mandatory. The survey consisted of six multiple choice and four open-ended questions, and answers were required for all 10 questions. Main Results – Respondents were mostly satisfied with the available resources in supporting their studies in English literature and culture, with the majority preferring to access resources online (51%) or through both online and print formats (14%). Convenience was the most commonly cited reason for favoring online access, while improved processing and learning were mentioned by those preferring print. A majority of respondents also indicated they have used online resources from either their home university library (72%) or other libraries (55%). Conversely, 29% of the respondents were unable to identify any specific electronic resources. Conclusion – Study results indicate that Spanish undergraduate students majoring in English literature generally have a positive perception of library resources in supporting their studies and prefer online access over print. However, many of these students may also have an incorrect or limited understanding of how to differentiate between library resources, general websites, web search engines, or computer programs. © 2022 Shen. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons-Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike License 4.0 International (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly attributed, not used for commercial purposes, and, if transformed, the resulting work is redistributed under the same or similar license to this one.
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Background: GC012F is a B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)/CD19 dual-targeting CAR-T developed on the novel FasT CAR-T platform with overnight manufacturing and designed to improve depth of response and efficacy. Data was presented at ASCO and EHA 2021 for initial 19 pts. We present updated data for study (NCT04236011;NCT04182581) with longer follow up and 9 additional pts treated (n = 28) in 3 different dose levels. Methods: From October 2019 to November 2021, 28 heavily pretreated RRMM pts (age 27-76) median of 5 prior lines (range 2-9) were treated on a single-arm, open label, multicenter Investigator Initiated Trial receiving a single infusion of GC012F. 89.3% (25/ 28) were high risk (HR- mSMART), 8 pts had EM disease, 3 had never achieved a CR including after transplant, 1 pts presented with plasma cell leukemia, 24/28 pts were refractory to last therapy, 3 pts primary refractory. 9/28 pts had received prior anti-CD38, 27/28 pts prior IMiDs. 26/28 pts were refractory to PI, 26/28 pts to IMiDs. After lymphodepletion over 2-3 days (30 mg/m2/d, 300mg/ m2/d Flu/Cy) GC012F was administered as single infusion at 3 dose levels: 1x105/kg (DL1) n = 2, 2x105/kg (DL2) n = 10 and 3x105/kg (DL3) n = 16. Results: As of Jan 26th 2022, 28 pts - median follow-up (f/ u) 6.3 mths (1.8-29.9) - had been evaluated for response. Overall response rate (ORR) in DL1 was 100% (2/2)- DL 2 -80% (8/10) DL 3 -93.8% (15/16) with 27 pts MRD negative by flow cytometry (sensitivity 10-4-10-6). 100% of MRD assessable pts (27/27) achieved MRD negativity. One patient out of 28 could not get assessed. At d28, 21/24 assessable patients were MRD negative (81.5%), 4/ 28 pts could not get d28 MRD assessment f/u due to COVID-19 restrictions however were assessed at a later timepoint. To date best response is MRD- sCR in 21/28 patients(75.0%) across all dose levels. Some pts after short f/u show responses that are still deepening. Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) was mostly low grade: gr 0 n = 3 (10.7%), gr 1-2 n = 23 (82.1%), gr 3 n = 2 (7.1%) - no gr 4/5 CRS and no ICANs were observed (Graded by ASBMT criteria). Median duration of CRS was 3 d (1-8 d). PK results showed no difference amongst dose levels DL1 to DL3. Overall, CAR-T median Tmax was 10 d (range 8-14 d), median peak copy number (Cmax) was 97009 (16,011-374,346) copies /μg DNA with long duration of persistence of up to d793 (data cut-off). CAR-T geometric mean AUC0-28 for DL1, DL2 and DL3 were 468863, 631540 and 581620 copies/μg DNA×day, respectively. Pts continue to be monitored for safety and efficacy including DOR. Conclusions: BCMA-CD19 dual FasT CAR-T GC012F continues to provide deep and durable responses with a favorable safety profile in additional RRMM pts across all dose levels demonstrating a very high MRD negativity rate including in pts refractory to anti-CD38, PI and IMIDs. GC012F is currently being studied in earlier lines of therapy as well as additional indications.
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Background: The COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE) led to the initial cessation of non-emergent outpatient procedures, resulting in derailment of routine care and screening. After the early phase of PHE, pre-procedural measures such as routine COVID-19 testing were instituted to allow safe resumption of outpatient endoscopy. However, these measures may also cause unintended barriers to access care, particularly for vulnerable groups. We aimed to evaluate patient and clinical factors associated with completion of endoscopic outpatient procedures (EOP) at an ambulatory endoscopy center (AEC) before and during the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all completed EOP at a tertiary AEC during the period prior to the PHE (4/1/2019-02/28/2020) and after re-opening of the unit during the COVID-19 pandemic (05/15/2020-12/31/2020). All routine, nonadvanced procedures (upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, push enteroscopy) were included. Variables evaluated included self-identified race/ethnicity, age, sex, median income by home zip code, insurance coverage and procedural indication (screening/surveillance or diagnostic). Univariate analyses were performed using Fisher-exact, Mann-Whitney U or student's t-test. Multivariable analyses were conducted using logistic regression. Results: In total, 23,086 EOP were included, with 12,161 (52.7%) performed pre-PHE. Compared to pre-pandemic, the pandemic EOP cohort was more likely younger, White, and undergoing a diagnostic procedure (all p<0.05). Conversely, the pandemic cohort had a smaller proportion of Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Latino/a/x patients compared to the pre-PHE cohort (all p<0.05). On multivariable analysis, White race (OR 1.163;[1.058-1.268]) and diagnostic procedures (OR 1.281;[1.154-1.409]) were independently associated with EOP completion during the pandemic, although there was significant effect modification between these two predictors (interactive term OR 0.807;[0.669-0.945]) (Table 2). On separate multivariable models constructed, Latino/a/x (OR 0.869;[0.731-1.000]) and NHB (OR 0.600;[0.350- 0.849]) patients were independently associated with lower odds of undergoing EOP during the pandemic compared to pre-PHE. Conclusions: Vulnerable groups including NHB, Latino/a/x, and older patients were independently associated with lower odds of EOP completion during the pandemic, particularly for screening procedures. COVID-19 specific measures, such as routine pre-EOP testing, may add barriers to care that disproportionately affect these vulnerable groups. Efforts must be made to ensure equitable access to endoscopic care, including routine screening procedures. Special attention should be paid to vulnerable groups when instituting policies that may affect procedural access, particularly given the risk of an ongoing PHE, to avoid widening existing disparities. (Table Presented)
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Vaccines are one of the biggest successes in modern history and are particularly important in light of the multiple ongoing epidemics. Recently, vaccines have protected peoples' health and lives around the world during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Different types of vaccines have their own characteristics and advantages and are used in the context of different epidemics. Responses to vaccination are also different, and can include adverse reactions and absent responses. These individual differences are thought to be influenced by host genes. In this review, we first discuss vaccine types and characteristics. Second, we discuss different responses to vaccination, primarily focusing on the association between genetic variation and inter-individual differences.
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Since the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 in large areas of the world, the importance of rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 has increased. In the first week after the onset of COVID-19, the density of lesions is uneven, and chest CT is often difficult to show local subpleural ground-glass shadows, resulting in missed diagnosis. The COVID-19 intelligent diagnosis system based on the convolutional neural network algorithm can not only accurately identify the feature points, reduce the workload of doctors and improve the diagnosis efficiency, but also reduce the rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, which is conducive to epidemic control. © 2022 ACM.
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Output gap is an important index to analyze the macroeconomic operation situation. In the macroeconomic policy framework, the formulation of many policies depends on evaluating the output gap. According to the impact of COVID-19 on China's economic growth in 2020, this paper aims to explore the future change law of China's output gap. Firstly, China's real GDP growth rate data is calculated according to the original GDP data. Secondly, the potential output and output gap are estimated by H-P filtering method. Finally, the output gap series is brought into the ARMA model for fitting and prediction. To sum up, under the influence of COVID-19, China's actual economic growth level was significantly lower than the potential economic growth in 2020, forming a higher negative output gap. The epidemic's impact on China's actual economic growth will last for four years, and China's output gap will return to a stable state slightly less than zero in 2025. © COPYRIGHT SPIE.